与法国艺术家让·杜布菲 (Jean Dubuffet) 的名字密不可分的艺术运动，原始艺术 (art brut) 继续在当代艺术界取得一定的成功，这从 ArtMajeur 艺术家的丰富作品中可以看出。
Art brut 或 outsider art 是法国艺术家让·杜布菲 (Jean Dubuffet) 于 1945 年创造的一个术语，指的是这种特殊的创造性表达形式，主要是自学成才的艺术家、儿童、边缘化人群或精神病患者的作品，旨在实现一种“差异”意识。
事实上，这种特殊类型的艺术家创作的结果是非常不寻常和本能的作品，除了特定的风格或动作之外，这些作品非常原始和情绪化。
杜布菲对边缘化艺术的“纯洁性”培养和表现出的高度敏感和强烈钦佩，源于与这位法国大师的基本相遇。
特别是，杜布菲的原始艺术在很大程度上受到了两位著名精神病学家沃尔特·摩根塔勒和汉斯·普林茨霍恩作品的影响，他们对病人的艺术创作着迷，开始重视它并分析、收集和记录它。
恰恰是接触到这些研究的杜布菲完全着迷，以至于相信精神病人的艺术可以代表最纯粹的艺术创作形式。
此外，特别是一本书，普林茨霍恩的 Bildnerei der Geisteskranken，其中分析了欧洲不同机构的精神病患者创作的数千件艺术作品，影响了他的艺术观。
正是在阅读了这部作品之后，杜布菲开始了他的个人收藏，不仅包括精神病患者创作的艺术品，还包括怪人、儿童、格格不入者和流浪者的作品。
这个名为“La Collection de l'Art Brut”的藏品随后由让·杜布菲 (Jean Dubuffet) 捐赠给洛桑市（瑞士），至今仍在开发中。在永久或临时展览的背景下展示的作品旨在鼓励参观者思考和理解这些并非真正艺术家的艺术家。
实际上，外来艺术并没有代表技法，因为运动中的每一位艺术家都倾向于自主地表达内心的自我，遵循他们最自然、最简单、最直接、最本能的倾向。事实上，作品可以在多种介质上创作，例如纸张、硬纸板、硬纸板、墙壁、帆布、铜和玻璃。
然而，在这类艺术家的作品中经常会发现某些反复出现的风格特征，例如非常执着和重复的母题和特定的设计方法。
或许，这些接近艺术的方式既揭示了对时间流逝的深刻敏感性，也揭示了在经常有问题和混乱的内部产生一种秩序的愿望。
至于使用的材料，他们和他们的创作者一样，往往是标新立异的，好像他们想更多地连接到创作者丰富的内心世界。
让·杜布菲 (Jean Dubuffet) 是法国著名画家和雕塑家，被认为是原始艺术 (Art Brut) 艺术运动的创始人。在他的家乡勒阿弗尔的美术学院学习两年后，他于 1918 年前往巴黎，在朱利安学院学习课程，直到六个月后他才离开该机构。 .在这个形成时期，汉斯·普林茨霍恩 (Hans Prinzhorn) 关于疯狂的艺术和原始民族的艺术创作的书对他产生了强烈的影响。然而，他成为画家的决定直到 1942 年才最终确定，在此期间他主要受到表现主义大师保罗克利的影响。但从 1945 年开始，他真正的道路开始了，在此期间，杜布菲理论化并引入了原始艺术的概念。 1947 年，他与 André Breton、Paulhan 和 Drouin 一起创立了“Compagnie de l'art brut”，始终紧跟这一艺术潮流。正是在这些最后的项目中，杜布菲的思想得到了有力的体现：从艺术传统中解脱出来，寻求一种能够为艺术开辟新道路的原创性。
瑞士画家兼原始艺术的主要代表阿道夫·沃尔夫利 (Adolf Wölfli) 在很大程度上以童年时期的不愉快事件为标志，暴力父亲的存在和母亲的早逝对他造成了不可磨灭的打击。这些不愉快的事件，加上这个年轻人在营地工作期间遭受的虐待，导致这个男孩出现严重的行为问题，以至于他先是被监禁，然后，一旦他被证明是精神分裂症状态，就被拘留在Waldau 庇护所（瑞士），他将一直呆在那里直到生命的尽头。正是在精神病院里，艺术家通过绘画自我安慰，逐渐意识到自己的才华，并得到了精神病学家沃尔特·摩根塔勒的大力鼓励和重视。最后，值得强调的是，这位艺术家在他三十年的创作生涯中是如何创作出 1,300 幅画作、几本笔记本和一本印数不少于 25,000 册的巨著传记（圣阿道夫的传奇），这些作品主要是在伯尔尼美术博物馆。
美国作家和插画家亨利·达格 (Henry Darger) 以他的奇幻手稿而闻名，该手稿名为《虚幻的国度》(The Realms of Unreal)，其中用水彩画的局外人艺术的一些最佳范例进行了丰富的插图。关于艺术家的生活，达格在四岁时失去了母亲，与慈爱的父亲一起生活，直到后者年迈残疾被送往养老院。这一集之后，他先是住进了天主教青年收容所，然后又被转移到精神病院，因为他被宣布患有精神病。这种禁闭的痛苦在文学作品《薇薇安的女人》中得到了很大程度的升华。 1908 年，达格设法逃离了精神病院，但他自由的滋味却带有强烈的存在主义的单调感。
美国浸信会艺术家兼牧师霍华德芬斯特声称受到上帝的启发，通过他的艺术创作传播福音，包括局外人、天真和有远见的艺术品。芬斯特的艺术研究在 1980 年代为公众所熟知，当时他为美国著名乐队 REM 和 Talking Heads 设计了专辑封面。就这位艺术家的私生活而言，出生于阿拉巴马州并在他的大家庭农场长大的芬斯特在 13 岁时获得了他的第一个幻觉，这是一个极具启发性的插曲，导致他致力于布道。至于他的艺术生涯，他致力于建造旨在收集和展示人类创造的标本的博物馆，例如植物农场博物馆，以及神圣艺术、肖像和流行文化偶像的制作。
Original contemporary Outsider Art is a genre of artwork that is created by self-taught and untrained artists who are not part of the traditional art world. These artists have a unique style that is often characterized by bold colors, abstract shapes, and unconventional materials. Outsider Art is created on a variety of supports, including canvas, paper, and even found objects. The materials used in this type of artwork are just as diverse, ranging from paint and charcoal to fabric and metal. What makes Outsider Art unique is its raw and unpolished nature.
Outsider Art, also known as Art Brut, is a term used to describe artworks created by individuals who are not part of the mainstream art world. These artists are often self-taught and create works that are raw, intuitive, and authentic. The origins of Outsider Art can be traced back to the late 19th century when artists such as Henri Rousseau and Vincent van Gogh were creating works that were not accepted by the art establishment of their time.
The evolution of original contemporary Outsider Art artworks has been fascinating to observe.
Contemporary Outsider Art has become increasingly popular in recent years, and there are several artists who have gained recognition for their work in this genre. One notable artist is Joe Coleman, who is known for his detailed and often disturbing portraits of historical figures and cultural icons. His work explores themes of mortality, spirituality, and the human condition.
Another artist who has made a name for herself in the world of contemporary Outsider Art is Judith Scott. Scott’s work is characterized by her use of found objects and textiles to create intricate sculptures that explore themes of isolation, communication, and personal identity. Her work has been exhibited in galleries and museums around the world.
Mark Hogancamp is another contemporary artist whose work in the Outsider Art genre has gained widespread attention. Hogancamp is known for his intricate and detailed dioramas, which he creates using miniature figures and props. His work explores themes of trauma, memory, and recovery, and has been the subject of several documentaries and exhibitions.
Other notable contemporary Outsider Art artists include Darger, whose work explores themes of childhood innocence and trauma, and Henry Darger, who is known for his intricate and detailed illustrations of a fantastical world that he created in his own imagination. Each of these artists brings a unique perspective and vision to the world of contemporary Outsider Art, creating powerful and thought-provoking works that challenge our perceptions of art and the human experience.
One of the most recognizable Outsider Art pieces is "The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations’ Millennium General Assembly" by James Hampton, created in the 1950s-1960s. Hampton spent over 14 years constructing this elaborate, throne-like sculpture out of aluminum foil, cardboard, and other found materials. It is an impressive and intricate work, featuring religious imagery and symbols, and is considered a masterpiece of folk art.
Another notable Outsider Art piece is "Untitled (Cowboy)" by Martin Ramirez, created in the 1950s. Ramirez, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia and spent much of his life in mental institutions, created this work using found paper and crayons. It is a striking image of a cowboy on horseback, surrounded by intricate patterns and designs. Ramirez’s work is highly regarded for its intricate detail and unique style.
"St. EOM’s Pasaquan" is another well-known Outsider Art piece, created by Eddie Owens Martin in the 1950s-1980s. Martin transformed his family’s farm in Georgia into a sprawling, colorful art installation featuring sculptures, murals, and other works of art. The site is an otherworldly and mystical place, filled with vibrant colors and intricate designs.
"Untitled (Self-Portrait)" by Henry Darger is a haunting and disturbing work, created in the early 20th century. Darger, who was a recluse and spent much of his life in poverty, created this massive, multi-volume work of art featuring thousands of pages of text and illustrations. The self-portrait is a striking image, featuring a young girl with piercing blue eyes and a look of sadness on her face.
Finally, "The Grotto of the Redemption" is a stunning work of Outsider Art created by Father Paul Dobberstein in the early 20th century. Dobberstein spent over 40 years creating this elaborate series of grottoes and shrines out of local stones and other materials. The site features intricate carvings and sculptures depicting scenes from the Bible, and is considered one of the most impressive works of folk art in the world.
